http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/166 2026-09-18T00:09:57Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/478 EXPLORING THE USE AND IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE RURAL COMMUNITIES OF KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF BUNGOMA COUNTY IMBUGWA INYAMBURA, DIANA Climate change is an emerging global issue that can longer be ignored and requires immediate actions. This can clearly be seen from the unpredictable weather patterns which have made it difficult to maintain crops in the regions that depend on normal weather conditions because of the variation in weather patten. Global warming and climate change relate to one another with the increase in average global temperature believed to be naturally caused by anthropogenic activities. Climate Change and Renewable Energy (RE) are connected to a very significant level in the fact that renewable energy serves as a tool for coping with climate change, as a mitigation strategy and also as an adaptation strategy. This is attributed to RE resources being naturally clean during energy production as compared to the electricity generation from conventional resources. This study assessed the uses and impacts of renewable energy resources in combating climate change in the rural communities of Bungoma County in Kenya. This was achieved through critical review of the literature on the current climate policy projections of Kenya, and a critical review of the link between Renewable energy and Climate Change. The methodology further involved data collection through admission of questionnaires, key informant interviews and direct observation. The research utilized both Qualitative and quantitative data analysis with the Low Emissions Analysis Platform tool being used for the modeling of the energy scenarios with the Implementation of new energy efficiency policies. The findings showed that despite the significant increase in the adoption of renewable energy technologies in Kenya, rural households practice fuel staking in both cooking and lighting. Most households in the rural areas are not connected to the national electrical grid due to the high cost of connectivity. Wood is the dominant source of fuel in 95% of the households, followed by charcoal and LPG at 67% and 22% respectively. Most households use open air (three stone) cook stoves for cooking and collect their energy from the environment. There has been an increase of 86% in built up area and 37% of baren land with a decrease of 59% in vegetation cover from 1990 to 2020 impacting the environment. High initial cost, finance, lack of information and institutional barriers were some of the barriers and challenges identified in the adoption of RE technologies. Business As Usual (BAU) scenario projected an increase in energy demand and emissions by 36% and 6% respectively by 2040. Implementation of energy efficient policies projected a reduction in energy demand and emissions by 26% and 21% respectively in 2040. The finding shows that adoption of renewable energy resources and implementation of energy efficient policies is the key to reduction of GHG emissions a mitigation factor to global warming and climate change. 2021-12-18T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/477 IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IN NIGER’S DOSSO REGION Yang’tshi Ndong Olola, Michael As the climate of the world warms, the consumption of energy in climate-sensitive sectors is likely to change. Possible targets include (1) decreases in the amount of energy consumed in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings for space heating and cooling; (2) decreases in energy used directly in certain processes such as residential, commercial, and industrial water heating, residential and commercial refrigeration and industrial process cooling; (3) increases in energy used to supply other resources for climate-sensitive processes, such as pumping water for irrigated agriculture and municipal uses, etc. The mitigation plans for ambitious climate change call for a significant increase in the use of renewable energies, which requires the development of supply systems in terms of life and resistance to climate change vulnerabilities. Renewable energy plays a key role in future low-carbon-emission plans that should contribute to the limiting global warming. However, its dependence on climate conditions makes it also very susceptible to the climate change. While the first part of this ‘paradox’ has been thoroughly studied, the international scientific community has only recently started to investigate the impacts that global climate change may have on energy, in general, and renewable energy, specifically (Dajuma, A. and al. 2016). From the literature, some findings indicate that the alteration of solar PV supply by the end of this century compared with the estimations made under current climate conditions should be in the range (- 14%; + 2%) (Sonia Jerez, and al., 2015). Whereas solar systems have been promoted largely as a mitigation measure to energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, they are also an important component in the climate change adaptation agenda in some countries such as Niger. However, solar systems are themselves exposed to changing climatic conditions which may affect their effective performance. Therefore, to ensure the proper functionality of solar systems, long-term climate change conditions and their potential impacts on solar system performance must be taken into account during the sizing phase. It is for this reason that as far as Dosso region is concerned in this work, we have assessed the impacts of future climate change on solar energy production using the appropriate tools and existing climate models. The results show a negative impact of climate change on the Dosso solar system, due to the increase (or decrease), over time, of some variables playing a very important role in the quantification and production of solar energy, in particular the solar radiation and other meteorological parameters such as Near air surface temperature and wind speed. 2021-11-22T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/327 An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Hydropower Potential in West Africa Case study :Bamboi catchment (Black Volta) Mutsindikwa, Tariro cynthia Due to its low adaptive capacity, West Africa is one of the regions which will be severely affected by climate change. This study is carried out in the main framework of the CIREG project, which is centered towards developing renewable energy generation under changing climate in West Africa. The study evaluated the impacts of future climate change on the hydropower potential of the Bamboi catchment (Black Volta) in West Africa using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (HBV light model). The hydrological model was successfully validated for the catchment with coefficients (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies, KGE, R2) ranging from 0.59, 0.73 and 0.57 respectively during the model calibration and validation phases. Two climate simulations MPI-ESM-REMO of CORDEX-Africa project and GFDL-ESM2M-WRF of WASCAL both under RCP4.5 were applied to the validated hydrological model to simulate the catchment runoff. A statistical bias correction (quantile mapping) was applied to correct the biases inherent in the climate data and two future periods (2020-2049 and 2070-2099) were compared to a reference period (1983-2005). The climate change signals between different periods were compared and impact on the hydrology of the catchment analyzed. Both historical and projected discharges data were converted to hydropower potential following a run-of-river hydroelectricity generation approach. The model mean ensemble projected a temperature increase of 0.8 and 2.8 oC by 2020-2049 and 2070-2099, respectively. Precipitation increase of 11% and 6.6 % for the 2020-2049 period and 10.9 % and 3.7 % for 2070 -2099 are projected by WASCAL and CORDEX climate dataset respectively. Discharge will follow the pattern of precipitation. It is projected to increase by 11 .4 % for 2020 - 2049 period and increase to 9.2% for the 2070-2099 period for climate models mean. On the contrary an overall decrease of hydropower production by -8.9 % and -7.5 (mean ensemble) was projected for 2020 -2049 for corrected and un corrected data respectively compared to reference period. Although, there is a slight increase of hydropower generation near end of the century 2070-2099, compared to the 2020 – 2049 period it is still lower than the historical period -7.7% and -1% for corrected and un corrected data respectively compared to the historical period. These results are explained by an increase in discharge in the rainy season not convertible into hydropower combined with a decrease in discharge during the dry months that leads to important hydropower losses. 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/237 Assessing the Impact of Fast Variables on Resilience of Electrical Energy in View of Climate Change and Energy Security in Kenya Angu', Cohen This project assessed the impact of fast variables on resilience of electrical energy in Kenya. To achieve this objective, the study established trends in electrical energy selected system components, determined relationships among resilience metrics, electricity price, fuel shocks and electrical energy and developed scenarios for projecting future electricity prices for Kenya. The study focused on advancing empirical evidence in resilience assessment hence utilised both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Monthly and annual data on electricity generation, electricity prices, electricity sales, electricity imports and transmission and distribution losses was sourced from the Kenya National Bureau of statistics. Global oil prices data used was from West Texas Intermediate. Time series analysis, correlation and regression analysis methods were employed in this study. Further analysis for diversity, spare capacity and system effectiveness were performed. Electricity generation portrayed seasonality with generally increasing trend for most sources. Oil price shocks were found to affect both electricity price and generation while diversity and imports metric significantly correlated with electricity price. Thermal generation is used as a surrogate for hydro-power and holds most of spare capacity. A regression model predicted price outcomes against observed prices and could be used to establish future trends in electricity prices. Policy intervention measures ought to be taken by policy and decision makers to avoid over-reliance on hydro-power and thermal generation in a bid to stabilise electricity prices. This study will form a benchmark for understanding and deployment of measures for energy security in Kenya’s energy policy, vision 2030 and green growth strategy. 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z