http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/283 2026-04-27T14:19:38Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/422 Suitability of Crop Residues as Feedstock for Biofuel Production in South Africa: A Sustainable Win-Win Scenario S. Barahira, Dominique; I. Okudoh, Vincent; C. Eloka-Eboka, Andrew Alternative sources of energy are required for easing the burdens associated with the use of fossil fuels especially for African nations. There are barriers associated with the use of advanced biofuels such as immature technology, availability of reliable feedstock data, policy instruments among others in many African countries. The present study is aimed towards providing reliable feedstock generation data from 21 major crops produced in South Africa. By mining existing data on crop production and area harvested in literature, a technique called residue to product ratio (RPR) was used to generate data on the available feedstock for bioenergy production. Results showed that there is huge amount of available crop biomass (estimated at 13.5 Mt) in South Africa which can be tapped to produce biofuels. Cropped biomass from grains, oilseeds and deciduous fruits are estimated to produce 7 million tons of bio-oil via fast pyrolysis route or about 2 tons of bio-ethanol via biochemical route. The bulk of cropped biomass are estimated to contribute to a realization of the renewable energy target in South Africa by 2050. This study will assist government policy makers, waste managers, researchers as well as potential investors to make informed decision on biofuel generation in South Africa. 2021-01-15T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/389 Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Electricity Load Shedding Experiences: A Case Study of Communities in Accra, Ghana Nduhuura, Paul; Garschagen, Matthias; Zerga, Abdellatif In many developing countries, electricity outages occur frequently with consequences for sustainable development. Moreover, within a country, region or city, the distribution of outages and their resultant impacts often vary from one locality to another. However, due to data constraints, local-scale variations in outage experiences have seldom been examined in African countries. In this study, a spatial approach is used to estimate and compare exposure to electricity load shedding outages across communities in the city of Accra, Ghana. Geographic Information System and statistics from the 2015 rolling blackouts are used to quantify neighborhood-level load shedding experiences and examine for spatial patterns. The results show that annual load shedding exposure varied greatly, ranging from 1117 to 3244 h. The exposure values exhibit statistically significant spatial clustering (Moran’s I = 0.3329, p < 0.01). Several neighborhoods classified as load shedding hot or cold spots, clusters and outliers are also identified. Using a spatial approach to quantify load shedding exposure was helpful for overcoming the limitations of lack of fine-grained, micro-level outage data that is often necessary for such an analysis. This approach can therefore be used in other data-constrained cities and regions. The significant global spatial auto-correlation of load-shedding exposure values also suggests influence by underlying spatial processes in shaping the distribution of load shedding experiences. The resultant exposure maps provide vital information on spatial disparities in load shedding implementation, which can be used to influence decisions and policies towards all-inclusive and sustainable electrification. 2020-08-19T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/196 Modelling Electricity Generation and Capacity with CO2 Emissions for Sub Saharan Africa Boudjella, Aissa; Mugumya, Andrew In this investigation the electricity generation and the electricity capacity of energy mix for sub Saharan Africa from 2020 to 2040 including CO2 emission from (coal, oil, gas) (Total Final Consumption, transport) and power generation were analyzed. These energy sources include conventional and renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, gas, hydro, nuclear, bioenergy, solar PV, and other renewables. We developed a linear regression equation based on the least-square method of estimation to forecast the value of energy and CO2 emission. We fit a linear trend to the energy time series including CO2 emission to show how simple linear regression analysis can be used to forecast future value. The predicted results from 2020 to 2040 show that the electricity capacity and the electricity generation from gas, hydro, solar PV and other renewables will dominate compared to nuclear and bioenergy. Some forms of energies contributions such as nuclear and bioenergy will remain insignificant. The gas will continue to emit a lot carbon dioxide compared to the emission from oil and coal. The emission of CO2 from total final consumption (TFC) of oil will be high compared to its emission from power generation (PG) and transport. The least squares estimated regression equation adequately describes the relationship between Energy or CO2 emission and time period with a high R-squared. This approach of modeling in a linear regression, the energy and CO2 emission simplifies significantly the analysis to help policy makers underlying reasons for the trends to develop appropriate strategies for the future, may be useful to assess the sustained economic development and transformation that require a definition of electricity access in those countries. 2018-10-30T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/188 Energy Landscape of Rwanda and Institutional Framework Ituze, Gemma; Mwongereza, Jean d’Amour; Abimana, Colette; Rwema, Michel; Chisale, Paul This paper reviews Rwanda’s energy landscape. It looked into potentials energy resources, installed capacities and available technologies. Rwanda is well-endowed with energy resources, such as solar, biomass, hydro, and methane gas and geothermal, though most of these resources remain untapped. Energy is considered the most powerful keys for a country to measure its economy development. Therefore, the inter-paly between energy production and consumption, and is preccussor of the level of development. The access to clean energy is very paramount and brings along with it alot of socio-economic benefits to the citizens in terms of poverty reduction, cost effectiveness and safegaurding the environment. As a result of improving the service sector with emphasis on energy, regulatory, legal and institution framework measures, Rwanda has been, in 21st century, one of the ten fastest growing economies in the world. Among others, has fast growing energy accessibility rate of 8 % in 2008 that is currently standing at 23%. Rwanda has an ambitoius target to be achieved 70% access rate by 2017/2018. Hydro remains the major source of electricity; followed by solar which has high potential; biomass, at 85%, is Rwanda’s primary energy source; and lake Kivu methane gas is the new source of energy. 2017-06-21T00:00:00Z