http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/213 Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:28:38 GMT 2026-04-27T14:28:38Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/476 WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS RESEARCH: ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD INDICATORS IN DRC GAMAIDANDI, DOUSWE The DRC is one of the top 20 countries in the world in terms of energy deficiency, with only 19% of the population having access to electrification while access to clean cooking solutions is only 4% nationally. Already characterized by high levels of social vulnerability, including food insecurity, high levels of poverty, undernourishment and very low levels of access to clean water, climate projections suggest that extreme events will become more frequent in parts of the DRC, potentially worsening the situation. The present work in a Nexus approach focuses on the assessment of household indicators with regard to access to water, energy and food in the DRC. The study mobilised and adapted tools such as the ESMAP Multi-tier framework, the United Nations Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) Framework for Measuring Access to Water and Sanitation and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (FIES) to conduct an in-depth assessment of access to water, energy and food in the Mwenga Territory of South Kivu in eastern DRC. The core of the work was a household survey, which captured the reality of access to water, energy and food in Mwenga, which is characterised by almost no access to adequate electricity, limited access to improved water sources and severe food insecurity. Wed, 17 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/476 2021-11-17T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/474 Water-Energy-Food integrated business models for decentralized renewable energy solutions: the case of agrophotovoltaics in Koutiala-Mali, SSA region BALLO, Djibril In Africa, access to clean energy, water, and food security is a major problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and even lower or inexistent in remote regions not connected to the electricity grid. The problem of water resources is essential and even vital for the populations in the Sahel zone particularly in Mali. In some regions of the country, conflicts between various uses of water, appear because of the fall of water tables, the early drying up of water bodies and the shrinking of productive spaces. Water supply and sanitation in Mali faces significant challenges. Poor water quality leads to potentially lethal diseases. In 2018, the Ministry of Energy and Water reported access rates to drinking water of 65.3% in rural areas, 74.7% in urban areas, and 68% at national widely. The low share and the underdevelopment of Water-Energy-Food for renewable mini-grids to ensure electricity and water accessibility for economic development in Africa especially in Mali are in-existent. Water-Energy-Food nexus can be employing at high level of efficiency in the development in Mali. In Koutiala, Water-Energy-Food integrated in business models is inexistent yet or the agrivoltaics systems are the best solutions for decentralized energy for water demand, provide the agricultural activities for food security and economic development without polluting the environment. Agriculture has become one of the reasonable economic sector in Mali, being the source of income through cash-crops and food-crops cultivation and Koutiala region is the big producer of cotton and other food crops. The sector is facing a number of difficulties due to lack of electricity, water mostly and it rains seasonally, in rural areas as well as lack of environmental and economical friendly technologies for electricity production, water pumping from the surface or underground water source to the farms for irrigation, in some cases small farmers are most vulnerable due to the rise of diesel prices to run the generator for irrigation. The system composed of 92.7 kW of solar PV array, 75kW of inverter is designed with PVsyst software to provide electricity, water in Koutiala region. The economic analysis of the two types of business models allowed us to identify the most profitable business model to adopt in the region. The different analyzes gave us the following results: the same LCOE equal €0.09/kWh, Present net Value (NPV business model 2) €131,073 is higher than the net present value (NPV business 1) €74,732, Internal Return Rate (IRR business model 2) 14% is higher than (IRR business model 1) 10%, the Payback Period (business model 1) 18 years is higher than the Payback Period (business model 2) 14 years. Since the NPV are positives and the IRR are higher than the real discount rate (i,) so both of our business models are attractive and profitable but the business model 2 is economically more profitable. Thu, 25 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/474 2021-11-25T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/473 A guideline for utility-scale onshore wind farms distribution in Tunisia BACHIRI, Badiaa Wind energy, as a component of the green transition has been given a lot of attention in theTunisia since 2000. Moreover, the good wind energy potential is one of the motivations to develop the wind energy sector in the country,with a surface of 163,610 km² ,has an important air density and wind speed are important in the North and East seaside region . The proposed project aimed to advice on the effective distribution of wind farms while considering the following aspect: the land availability, the terrain topology, the weather surveys and the national electrical grid balanceAccording to the criteria we set up, we could identify seven suitable area for wind farms activities namely :distributed in the north and the costal areas The results of the simulation using WindPro show that the most favorable and suitable site for wind farm implementation is in Kelibia with a capacity factor of 20% and annual energy 58,6 GWh/y. Sat, 20 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/473 2021-11-20T00:00:00Z http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/465 MINI GRID DESIGN FOR POWERING A RURAL COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT UNIT CASE STUDY : MURQAB BIN HAFAF, D JELFA, ALGERIA Gebreslassie, Kahsu Gebrehans A large portion of the African population, more particularly in the rural areas, remains without sustainable access to safe water. Even worse, there is increasing inequality between urban and rural communities' access to safe water. Rural areas, usually characterized by their remoteness, suffer from the lack of basic public services, such as sewage, access to electricity and access to sustainable safe water supplies and infrastructures. There is then the need for these areas to improve access to safer and sustainable water supplies. This helps to meet the Millennium Development Goal on drinking water and eliminate the exposition to waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A and typhoid. Moreover, with running water, less time is spent and less risk is taken on fetching water of unreliable quality from a water source. This challenging in enhancement of the quality of life. The lack of access to safe water requires a suitable and efficient water supply and treatment systems. Moreover, electricity is required to power these water systems. The link between water and energy, i.e., water-energy nexus, is well established. Energy is used in many aspects of water supply and infrastructures such as water and wastewater treatment, water supply, water transfer, etc. Usually, rural areas suffer unfortunately from access not only to safe water but also to adequate energy supply. The remoteness of the rural areas raises the challenge of extending the public services to these areas. The study presents a mini-grid design for powering rural community water treatment and supply. The selected case study for this is Murqab Bin Hafaf Village, Djelfa, Algeria. After identifying of the basic problems from the village and collecting of water demand, the mini-grid power system was designed and optimally sized using water data and energy resources data. Three scenarios were analyzed i.e., on-grid, off-grid with generator and hydrogen-based off-grid. The on-grid system with the Levelized COE value of 0.02671 $/kWh is most cost-effective mini-grid design because excess electricity generated by the system is sold to the grid (resulting in more revenue from electricity). Off-grid with generator backup power has the higher COE value as compared to grid-connected with least value of 0.2863 $/kWh, and it comes with an emission penalty. Although the hydrogen-based off-grid solution is more expensive than others with COE of 0.3897 $/kWh, it produces no CO2. As a result, it is more environmentally friendly, and with the cost of hydrogen technology falling rapidly, it is undoubtedly the greatest future solution. Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/465 2021-11-15T00:00:00Z