Enhancing Water Management and Disaster Resilience under Extreme Events via Integrated Multi-Dam Operations and Inter-Basin Transfers Case Study SPIK Water Production System Beni Amrane-Hamiz-Keddara Algiers

Abstract

This study investigates the operational dynamics and coordination mechanisms among the interconnected reservoirs of the SPIK system in Algiers, Algeria, namely, Keddara, Hamiz, and Beni Amrane, which are critical for securing the drinking water supply through interbasin transfers. This research explores how extreme hydrological events, such as floods and droughts, impact reservoir performance and highlights the importance of integrated, resilient management strategies. An integrated approach combined hydrological modeling (HEC-ResSim and WEAP) with quantitative data gathered through structured questionnaires targeting dams operators to improve institutional collaboration, enhance real-time data sharing, and integrate predictive tools. The questionnaire results provided insight into operational challenges, coordination gaps, and institutional readiness in handling extreme events. Simulations via HEC-ResSim revealed inconsistencies in coordination and highlighted the importance of prerelease strategies for flood mitigation. During 2012 flood event, release-based scenarios showed a 30% reduction in peak flow attenuation, while scenarios focused on transfer operations demonstrated an even greater reduction, achieving 45% peak flow attenuation. During the drought period, the performance of the SPIK system showed a reliability of 31%, which improved to 50% using demand-based optimization allocation. Which emphasized the importance of demand-based water allocation in conserving water for drought periods. Recommendations are proposed regarding developing a clear protocol for flood control among the system and a clear contingency plan for drought periods. Suggestions for implementing data sharing dashboards or online platforms and DSS tools such as HEC-ResSim and WEAP can enhance coordination and reservoir operation within the system to ensure water security and build system resilience.