| dc.description.abstract | Flooding is one the most detrimental, recurrent and prevalent natural disasters in the world
which has affected economies, environment and human life greatly with severe interruption of
income sources(Armah et al., 2010). Research as established that floods account for forty
percent of weather-related disasters, with weathers and climate-related disasters amounting to
over billions of dollars every year(Eckstein et al., 2021). In past few decades floods have caused
death of many people and displaced billions of people globally(Jonkman, 2005). Flooded rivers
only have affected millions of people while putting literally innumerable other people at risk
every year(Postel & Richter, 2012). Inability to control population and growth of infrastructure
also leads to increased vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change because changes in
temperature and patterns of rainfall affect these impacts and make flood more frequent and
more intense(Baker, 2012).
This paper has established that the African continent; and indeed, areas such as Djibouti are the
most sensitive to the impacts of climate change through their limited Socioeconomic
characteristics, growing Urbanization and dependence on natural resources(Baker, 2012).
Despite the increasing number of extreme events, Djibouti does not have well-developed flood
risk management systems and the intensity and rarity of rainfall events have led to increased
flash floods. Such a situation was observed in November 2019 when the floods brought the
amount of rainfall 300 mm, which is the annual average, for two consecutive days only and
affected hundreds of thousands of people and offered great losses in terms of lives and
property(Idyle Mousse Iye, 2019). Likewise, Cyclonic Storm Sagar that was experienced in
May 2018 brought one year rain in one day; the cyclone displaced scores of people and
destroyed some vital structures(Maity & Gonekar, 2023). These events underpin the need to
carry out better assessment of flood risks and develop specific flood risk management
frameworks for the geographic and climatic setting of Djibouti. | en_US |
