Designing of a rainwater harvesting system to foster the utilization of rainwater as an alternative water source and address the obstacles preventing its adoption: A case study of Westwood International School, Gaborone, Botswana.

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) stands as a versatile solution in regions with water scarcity, offering an additional and self-sufficient water source while safeguarding existing resources. The need for sustainable water management in Botswana is critical due to limited water resources and reoccurring drought in the country. To address the issue of water scarcity and improve utilisation of water resources, this study explored the potential of RWH for improved water security and sustainable management in semi-arid regions, using Botswana as a case study. This was done by assessing the current state of RWH awareness, designing an optimizing RWH system, and proposing strategies for RWH implementation in Botswana. Adopting a qualitative case study research design, data was obtained using interviews conducted with 14 purposively selected staff personnel from different departments in Westwood International School (WIS) in Gaborone, Botswana. Findings from collected data which was analyzed thematically gave varying insights on the potentials of RWH in Botswana. Generally, there is awareness about RWH in WIS but when it comes to adoption, cost, limited space for storage tanks, and Botswana's low rainfall patterns were major challenges. These challenges can be overcome by exploring alternative storage solutions, enhancing public awareness campaigns, and advocating for policy support to incentivize RWH implementation. In addition to including RWH system in school curriculum to raise awareness, this study proposed a suitable design for WIS needs that can ensure full utilisation of RWH in the school, taking into consideration their intention and concerns. The proposed design is a dual system; it features both underground storage and surface storage. The surface storage is used for awareness raising where key messages about RWH will be illustrated for educational purposes. The underground storage will store excess rainwater that surface storage could not cater for. Findings underpinned the need for collaboration, continuous monitoring and evaluation of RWH initiatives to impact water availability, quality, and sustainability. Additional research is needed to broaden the examination of RWH awareness among a larger and more diverse participant pool. This will provide deeper insights into RWH practices and water usage dynamics, facilitating more informed decision-making and effective resource management strategies at WIS